Machines we use
On the Bošnjaković family farm, a combination of different machines and equipment is used to facilitate various tasks in agriculture. This includes tillage, sowing, feeding, harvesting, collection and transport of agricultural products. Farm mechanization has numerous advantages. This includes reducing the time required to perform tasks, reducing the physical effort required to perform tasks, and increasing productivity.
Tilling the land can be a very difficult and physically demanding activity, so mechanization is used to alleviate this effort. On modern farms, mechanization is used for a variety of tasks, from tilling the soil to harvesting crops.
Our family farm uses a chisel plough, a plow, a disc harrow, a harrow, a spreader, rollers, a seeder and a combine.
Basic mechanization
Soil preparation
Soil preparation is the most important part of the process of growing a crop on an agricultural farm. The goal of soil preparation for sowing is to achieve optimal conditions for the growth and development of seedlings with a balanced ratio of water, air and light. This is precisely why the main part of the mechanization used in preparing the soil is the plow and chisel plough.
A tillage plow is an agricultural machine used to plow the land. It is one of the most basic tillage tools. Its function is to pass through the soil and break up soil clumps, allowing better air and water circulation. At the same time, it loosens, shreds and aerates the soil and introduces plant residues and weeds into the soil.
The chisel plough is used for breaking impermeable and loosening compacted layers of soil. The quality of loosening depends on the condition of the soil, the construction of the aid and the speed of work, and the best effects are achieved in dry soil. The submersible is used after plowing to allow better penetration of water and oxygen into the soil, and at the same time to improve the structure of the soil and enable easier rooting of plants.
Preparation for sowing
Soil cultivation
After basic soil preparation, it is necessary to prepare optimal conditions for the growth and development of the plants that we intend to grow. Mechanization that helps with soil cultivation is a disc harrow, a seed drill and a harrow.
The disc harrow is used for tilling the soil after harvesting or after tillage. This machine is used to break up remaining plant debris, break up compacted soil and prepare the soil for sowing or planting new plants. When using a disc harrow, the soil is cut, crushed and mixed. It improves the structure of the soil, enables better penetration of water and oxygen into the soil and facilitates the rooting of plants, and helps with the removal of weeds.
The main function of the seed drill is to prepare the soil for optimal conditions for seed germination. It is intended for surface tillage to prepare the soil for sowing.
The harrow is used for tilling the soil, preparing beds and planting beds, as well as for weeding. It is used on smaller areas and is manually dragged along the ground. Can be used to create beds or planting beds. The harrow plates are then used to create raised areas on which plants are planted. This process allows for better drainage and improves conditions for plant growth.
Additional soil cultivation
Help in tillage
In addition to the basic soil preparation, it is also important to additionally cultivate the soil so that the seeds have optimal conditions for germination and the plant for growth. It is important to supplement the soil with fertilizers and additionally ensure the germination of seeds in the ground. Some of these machines are rollers and fertilizer spreaders.
Fertilizer spreaders are machines used to distribute artificial fertilizers on agricultural land. These machines have a hopper into which the artificial fertilizer is placed and then spread it on the soil through openings in the bottom as they move across the field. There are different types of spreaders, depending on the type of fertilizer used and the method of application. With proper application, fertilizer spreaders can help increase crop yields and improve soil quality.
Rollers are the only additional tillage tools that compact the soil, not loosen it. They are used to break the cover and establish capillarity in the upper layer of the arable land. They are used because they can improve soil structure and increase soil permeability for water and air. For example, rollers can reduce soil air size and improve soil-seed contact for better seed germination.
The fruits of labor
Sowing and harvest
Once the optimal conditions and soil quality have been achieved, it is necessary to sow the seeds. The seed will take advantage of the quality conditions provided to it in order to germinate and grow into a strong and healthy plant. The mechanization that is needed is a seeder and a harvester.
Seed drills are machines used in tillage for sowing seeds on agricultural land. They enable the precise distribution of seeds on the soil at certain intervals and depths, which is important for achieving an optimal crop yield. They can be of different sizes and shapes, depending on the type of seed that is sown and the size of the surface.
A combine harvester is an agricultural machine used to harvest grain and other crops. Combine harvesters are extremely important in tillage because they enable fast and efficient harvesting of crops on large agricultural areas. They reduce the time and labor required to harvest crops, which can reduce production costs. The harvesting process consists of three parts: mowing and threshing the grain as well as the final separation of grain from straw and chaff.
